The MOAC Platform: Advancing Performance with Layered Multi-Blockchain Architecture For Enhanced Smart Contracting April 17, 2018 Xinle Yang1, Xiaohu David Chen1, Ryan Wang1 ABSTRACT The company MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. (MOAC) has released a next generation blockchain platform. With a pioneering Multi-Blockchain architecture, MOAC not only addresses the performance and cost issues with existing blockchain systems, including Bitcoin and Ethereum, but also introduces new features that minimize the barrier to entry for developers, users, businesses, and the entirety of the blockchain ecosystem. The new platform achieves this by using a layered Multi-Blockchain architecture, blockchain sharding, MicroChain™ Smart Contracts, and Cross-Chain capabilities. The underlying architecture of the MOAC Platform is a Multi-Blockchain consisting of a global primary blockchain, MotherChain™, and additional MicroChains™. Using blockchain sharding technology, a MicroChain™ functions as a child blockchain within the platform that operates above the global MotherChain™, and is responsible for Smart Contracts management. MicroChains™ also enable high volume transactions using a variety of consensus systems. Consensus systems are an agreement system that provides accountability and verification of transactions. The platform’s advanced layered Multi-blockchain architecture increases overall transaction processing speeds up to 100x faster (TPS) than existing blockchain platforms. Meanwhile, MicroChains™ enhance token concurrency rates up to 10,000 times, for a truly scalable solution. MicroChains™ significantly reduce the cost of smart contract operations and allow developers to rapidly test different application and service ideas. MOAC’s MicroChains™ are able to interconnect with all other non- MOAC blockchains using Cross-Chain capabilities. This allows both users and their decentralized applications (DApps) to migrate easily to the MOAC Platform, with no prior blockchain knowledge. It also provides a decentralized file storage solution which is currently missing from other major blockchains. MOAC incentivizes mining as well as rewards for the entire ecosystem. The MotherChain™ uses a proven Proof of Work (PoW) model, similar to Ethereum, so that miners and mining pools have opportunities to participate in mining the MotherChain™. The MOAC Platform provides additional MicroChain™ mining and validation and provides mechanisms for mining from mobile devices, including smart phones. By reducing the barrier to entry for both mobile users and server farms, the MOAC Platform offers a truly scalable ecosystem for developers and their Smart Contracts, enabling developers to create innovative DApps with lower operating costs, enhanced capabilities, and improved performance without a reduction in security. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 • Problem Statement • A Multi-Blockchain Solution: The MOAC Platform THE MOAC PLATFORM 5 • MotherChain™: The Proof of Work Blockchain • Smart Contracts As MicroChains™ • MicroChains™ for Variable Consensus Systems • MicroChains™ As A Service • Asynchronous Smart Contracts • Blockchain Sharding • Cross-Chain Ready • Event Handling • Mining • Wallet and Payment System • API • Security ECOSYSTEM 16 • Community • DApp Developer Benefits • Exchanges • Tokens • MOAC Coin Market Capitalization • Governance AVAILABILITY 23 • Product Evolution and Roadmap TEAM AND HISTORY 24 • Corporate Profile • Team APPENDICES 26 • Appendix A: Disclaimer • Appendix B: List of Terms © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 2
INTRODUCTION Blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, and Smart Contracts have the potential to change how developers build decentralized applications (DApps) and are already changing how the world conducts business. Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain technology as a cryptocurrency has established itself as a decentralized ledger of record for digital financial transactions as a store of value. Bitcoin functions using a single decentralized consensus model to provide transaction verification and security without a centralized monetary authority. See https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf to read more. In 2015, platforms like Ethereum made the concept of Smart Contracts and DApps popular. A Smart Contract is a computer program that directly controls the transfer of digital currencies or value based assets between parties under certain party or developer defined programmatic conditions. Read more at https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper . A “DApp” is a decentralized application that does not rely on a central server to function, and instead relies on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks similar to BitTorrent, Napster, and Kazaa to interconnect. P2P networks preserve optimal data transfer from multiple sources. Smart Contracts and DApps both use the blockchain for processing and storing data, as well as providing additional computing functionality. This is unlike Bitcoin, a first generation blockchain, which is purely transactional. Since the creation of Bitcoin, blockchain technology (i.e., platforms and cryptocurrencies) has evolved in the hope of expanding function, performance, security, and scalability. By solving these system challenges, user adoption will rise, satisfying innumerable business use cases. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 3
This paper will outline groundbreaking solutions that combine existing blockchain best practices with new scalable Multi-Blockchain technologies that significantly advance Smart Contracting. This is not a theoretical paper and all of the intellectual property in this paper is in development, in testing, and will soon be in production. PROBLEM STATEMENT Existing technologies and blockchain platforms suffer from steep learning curves, unnecessary complexity, and high usage fees - all of which impact adoption and scalability. Existing platforms have low performance transactions-per-second (TPS), fixed consensus models, and are not able to quickly adapt to the ever growing needs of developers. Currently, mining in the blockchain community is highly centralized and doesn’t properly incentivize new users and interested consumers due to complexity and the cost of required hardware. These blockchain platforms are also alienated from each other and unable to communicate effectively with other cryptocurrencies, Smart Contracts, and blockchain systems. This has created a highly segregated blockchain marketplace, separating platforms, technology, user-base, and industry. It is currently extremely challenging even for experienced technical developers to build new blockchains. To make matters even more complicated, most blockchains are difficult to upgrade, and split participation inefficiently between users. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 4
A MULTI-BLOCKCHAIN SOLUTION: THE MOAC PLATFORM The Silicon Valley based company, MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. (MOAC), has addressed the primary inefficiencies of existing blockchain platforms by developing a Multi-Blockchain platform. The MOAC Platform uses an advanced layered architecture that lowers DApp developer costs, provides for scalability, and reduces development complexity while increasing transaction speeds and volume using sharding. MOAC leverages Multi-Blockchain within its platform, including MotherChain™ (a Proof of Work based blockchain) and MicroChains™ for Smart Contracts supporting multiple consensus models. The MOAC Platform also has Cross-Chain capabilities to interconnect MicroChains™ within the system and to interconnect with 3rd party non-MOAC blockchain and cryptocurrencies. THE MOAC PLATFORM By separating balance transfer and Smart Contracts, the platform’s advanced layered Multi-blockchain architecture increases overall transaction processing speeds up to 100x faster (TPS) than Ethereum. The MOAC architecture is overviewed below, consisting of MotherChain™, an event handling system, Smart Contracts as MicroChains™, blockchain sharding, Cross-Chain capabilities, security, and an API. MOTHERCHAIN™: THE PROOF OF WORK BLOCKCHAIN MotherChain™ - not to be confused with MOAC - describes an intersystem Proof of Work blockchain that handles data storage and compute processing for Smart Contracts and DApps. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 5
A Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm is an economic measure to deter and ultimately prohibit third-party interference, including denial of service attacks and other service and network abuse such as spam. By requiring some work from the service requester, usually equating to committed processing time by a computer for completing specific processing tasks, erroneous system threats are eliminated. On the MOAC Platform, MotherChain™ is the public blockchain layer that processes balance transfers, blockchain operation, consensus, and data access. The platform also supports other consensus models using MicroChains™. SMART CONTRACTS AS MICROCHAINS™ MOAC is one of the first blockchain solutions to implement a unique MicroChain™ per Smart Contract, providing for efficiency and scalability beyond existing solutions. The MOAC Platform uses MicroChains™ to separate processing tasks and isolate blockchain functions from business logic for each individual smart contract. By providing each Smart Contract with its own unique MicroChain™, it enables Smart Contracts to use a variety of consensus protocols and results in a wider range of potential business logic use cases. Developers have the freedom to select the consensus protocol that best fits their use case and determine the number of nodes allocated to a specific Smart Contract. All the states of the Smart Contract are saved inside the local MicroChain™ and can write data to the MotherChain™ as needed for finality. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 6
MICROCHAINS™ FOR VARIABLE CONSENSUS SYSTEMS With the ability to have MicroChains™ in a layer above the MotherChain™, each MicroChain™ can have its own unique consensus system and algorithm. For example, you could create a MicroChain™ which uses a Proof of Stake consensus model specifically for scalable rapid high volume transactions. A Proof of Stake (PoS) is a type of algorithm by which a cryptocurrency blockchain network aims to achieve distributed consensus. Instead of processing large amounts of data like a strictly Proof of Work blockchain, a Proof of Stake blockchain relies on validator nodes within a network to verify transactions. In Proof of Stake blockchains, the creator © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 7
of the next sequential block is chosen by randomized algorithms based on a combination of factors such as wealth or age (I.e., the stake). The advantage of a Proof of Stake system is that it is fully scalable for enterprise-level volume, is energy efficient, and supports variable transactions. It also increases verification capacity proportional to the number of nodes on the network, and enables microtransactions within DApp MicroChains™ without having to constantly access the MotherChain™. In addition to Proof of Stake and Proof of Work blockchains, the MOAC Platform can also support additional plug-and-play consensus systems such as Proof of Activity, Proof of Burn, Proof of Elapsed Time, etc. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 8
MICROCHAINS™ AS A SERVICE Since MicroChains™ are isolated, they can run a variety of virtual machines for Smart Contracting on a per instance basis. This enables MicroChains™ to initiate a wide range of business logic and DApp use cases. In addition, it enables the use of different file systems such as IPFS, sensor networks for data storage, and MicroChains™ can even be implemented by artificial intelligence. Since DApps are deployed in a developer-selected virtual machine, they do not require additional programming. MOAC can run existing Ethereum Smart Contracts with lower fees, and developers can leverage the platform’s API to expand existing Smart Contract functionality without having to learn how to program the blockchain. By isolating each Smart Contract with its own unique virtual machine and MicroChain™, the MOAC Platform boosts Smart Contracting efficiency, allowing for more cost effective processing fees. This significantly lowers © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 9
the cost of deployment for developers, and enables them to build high transaction volume based DApps. ASYNCHRONOUS SMART CONTRACTS Using Multi-Blockchain architecture, the platform leverages Asynchronous Smart Contracts with MicroChains™ to accelerate DApp development and deployment. This advanced architecture design also extends the functionality of Solidity and Ethereum Smart Contracts. The MOAC Platform supports two types of Smart Contracts: 1. An Upper Layer Smart Contract is a protocol based contract for defining consensus systems within a MicroChain™. MicroChain™ Smart Contracts also enable nodes to register into mining pools. 2. A Lower Layer MotherChain™ Global Smart Contract defines the behavior of the control flows of multiple MicroChains™ including flushing, rewarding miners, and how to punish bad actors. It provides a flexible environment enabling DApps to use different kinds of virtual machines including Ethereum, Java (JVM), and other developer- selected virtual machines. BLOCKCHAIN SHARDING The MOAC Platform also provides blockchain sharding, a feature to horizontally partition data across multiple blockchains and nodes. Existing blockchain solutions are inefficient and process the same task multiple times which degrades system performance. Sharding helps by using a node based approach, providing more processing power proportional to the number of nodes in the network. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 10
When smart contracts are deployed developers will define the number of service nodes, a consensus protocol, block size, block generation time, and flush frequency. This will then form a shard and provide a byzantine fault tolerant solution for that smart contract, which then forms a MicroChain™. Learn more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerance . This is very similar to database sharding, however blockchain sharding is a type of blockchain partitioning that separates very large blockchain nodes into smaller, faster, and more easily managed shards. By using this solution, the platform is able to scale more effectively, significantly increasing transactions-per-second (TPS) by extending the network with more nodes. Sharding subdivides the whole network into multiple shards, and as long as there are sufficient nodes in each shard, the system is still highly secure. This allows for secure processing of parallel © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 11
transactions, further increasing the number of transactions-per-second (TPS) over existing blockchain solutions. CROSS-CHAIN READY Cross-Chain functionality enables MOAC to interact with a variety of blockchain systems within the platform as well as externally to 3rd party blockchains and cryptocurrencies. The MOAC Platform is able to swap blocks and data between multiple blockchains and use atomic swap based Cross-Chains. Cross-Chains are a trust based system for atomically swapping cryptocurrencies in a single transaction between various blockchains and cryptocurrencies. The MOAC Platform offers two types of Cross-Chains: © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 12
1. Cross-Chains between MicroChains™ and blockchains within the MOAC Platform 2. Atomic swap cross-chain transactions with other non-MOAC blockchain systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum EVENT HANDLING Above the distributed network layer of the MotherChain™ is an Event Handling system for network event requests and replies. It also processes control flow requests and can invoke Smart Contract related operations. The event handling system relays transaction calls between multiple layers within the platform multi-directionally, and is primarily used for all balance transfers, global Smart Contract control, flushing, and other consensus related messaging. MINING Mining is the process by which transactions are verified. It is the means through which new MOAC coins are released and rewarded to miners for the results of their computing processing power and storage. The MOAC Platform has two types of mining: 1. MicroChain™ Mining The upper layer of the MOAC Platform where a node verifies transactions for smart contracts and other consensus systems. Each node is rewarded for processing Smart Contracts and verifying transactions. Mining for MicroChains™ will be rewarded with MOAC tokens and tokens associated with that specific MicroChain™. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 13
2. MotherChain™ Mining The lower layer is the Proof of Work MotherChain™, which is the foundational layer for data processing and storage. Mining on the MotherChain™ functions similarly to Ethereum, and existing ETH miners can easily switch to MOAC. Mining for the MotherChain™ is how miners can earn the MOAC cryptocurrency. WALLET AND PAYMENT SYSTEM The MOAC Platform features a fully functional wallet protocol. This enables MOAC to work with a variety of 3rd party wallet solutions. Any wallet compatible with the MOAC protocol will work smoothly with the platform. In addition, MOAC is developing an open source web and desktop wallet which will work on the web, Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android. The official wallet will be released when the mainnet is launched. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 14
API The platform API provides a quick start for DApp developers by providing easy access points for DApps to access blockchain specific functions without having to know the specifics of blockchain implementation. This enables developers to build complex applications by simply calling those functions from the MOAC Platform. SECURITY MOAC prioritizes security first. When developing the platform, the MOAC team reviewed the security settings and measures of all major blockchain systems in order to utilize the best practices in the market. During their audit of existing blockchain security, they found several vulnerabilities in existing blockchain solutions and were able to predict several exploits which have been patched in The MOAC Platform. When code is committed to the platform there is a thorough security review process in place to comply with all OWASP Top 10 security vulnerability measures. The MOAC team - in partnership with other high profile security organizations - has also prepared counter measures and solutions to address common and future attacks. MOAC routinely employs contracted blackhat and whitehat security firms to analyze the platform for vulnerabilities. MOAC will also be issuing a bounty program for exploits and bugs making it more profitable for hackers to inform on security issues instead of attempting to ransom users. Meanwhile, the platform’s intelligently designed architecture isolates each MicroChain™, limiting the potential attack capabilities on each Smart Contract. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 15
ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY At the core of the MOAC Platform are the users that power it, the developers who create DApps, the end-users who use those DApps, and the miners and node operators who keep the network running gracefully. MOAC will be providing an extensive wiki, tutorials, a glossary of terms, white papers, a knowledge base, help desk, and other user resources, and is committed to staying actively engaged with user communities on Telegram, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media platforms. The MOAC Platform can be deployed onto all major operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS and Linux/UNIX. The official MOAC program provided is written in Golang, however, with the provided MOAC © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 16
protocol, developers can use other programming languages for Smart Contracts. The community includes DApp Labs to encourage developer testing and experimentation, enabling developers to test DApps in isolation before releasing them to the public network. A testnet is available on http://moac.io and the MOAC explorer can be found on http://moac.io/testnet#/ . Beyond Cross-Chain capabilities that enable interconnectivity with other blockchains and cryptocurrencies, the platform also runs on a foundational P2P distributed network. By using a P2P network, the platform is able to provide a distributed network for DApps to interact with each other. The P2P network is the underlying layer of communication between any singular or grouped nodes running the same protocol. A node in this use case refers to a client that is sharing blocks and transactions across the network. Nodes communicate by sending messages using RLPx, an encrypted and authenticated transport protocol. DAPP DEVELOPER BENEFITS © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 17
● Quality of Service DApps will run more efficiently on the MOAC Platform when compared with other platforms. Since Ethereum is limited by its scalability and transactions-per-second, it inherently cannot handle large transactions and computation volume. That is why a simple game like CryptoKitties caused a traffic jam in the entire Ethereum network. A similar jam caused as a result of 10 apps or 100 apps running together on Ethereum could be even more catastrophic. Learn more at http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42237162 © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 18
● Cost It is very costly to run a Smart Contract or DApp on Ethereum. Each transaction initiated or triggered by the Smart Contract requires a certain amount of gas. The average amount of gas per transaction is very high, which means the cost per transaction is very high. If some Smart Contracts trigger many transactions, that means the developers or users of the Smart Contract must pay a lot of currency, crypto or otherwise, to maintain the DApp. The MOAC Platform boasts lower-layer transaction costs at 1/10th the cost of Ethereum, and the upper layer contract calls are free. ● Flexibility and Simplicity Most DApps only have their transaction logic in Ethereum, while the rest of the logic and components are “off-the-chain” solutions, relying on traditional server and databases, making them centralized systems. By contrast, DApps deployed on the MOAC Platform maintain decentralization. MOAC also provides upper- layer MicroChains™ for CPU computation, GPU computation, file storage, databases, and many other services, while maintaining a decentralized structure. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 19
● Cross-Chain The MOAC Platform is the only blockchain platform available with Cross-Chain capabilities. Now developers can switch between tokens within specific DApps and are not limited to any specific platform or technology. Any Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other cryptocurrency user will be able to interact with MOAC DApps without going back and forth between exchanges. Without MOAC, a user cannot easily process a transaction between Bitcoin and Ethereum. Unfortunately, each existing blockchain system is like an island, without any bridges between them. Imagine a world where every website and mobile app is unable to communicate via the internet and IoT we know today. MOAC Cross-Chain technology makes connectivity possible, a potential yet to be realized in the market with promising high-impact use cases in the future. EXCHANGES The exchange is a decentralized exchange (DEX) for swapping various cryptocurrencies with no centralized server or 3rd party authority governance. It is instead governed by a decentralized system. Within the platform, a MicroChain™ can be deployed to provide the foundation of the DEX. In addition, a MicroChain™ based DEX could be developed to gather trade information, match buyers and sellers, and provide the decentralized atomic swap for users. MicroChain™ can implement Cross-Chain consensus protocols and can provide miners access to both. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 20
The Cross-Chain consensus protocol utilizes unique features of the platform to create hash-and-time-locked transactions. A MicroChain™ will provide the atomic swap function for exchange between the MOAC Platform and external blockchain tokens. Similar MicroChains™ can be deployed to enable the exchange between MOAC coins, BTC, ETH or LTC. A user holds all coins in his wallet via DEX until a successful swap happens. Unlike a centralized exchange, the user benefits with a reduced risk of the coins being stolen. All DEX exchange information is public and available to all, thus mitigating fake orders, and providing for a healthier marketplace. TOKENS MOAC’s Smart Contract system is fully compatible with Ethereum’s EVM system, supporting ERC20 and ERC721 token standards. MOAC COIN MARKET CAPITALIZATION There are currently 56 million MOAC coins in circulation, with an additional 94 million in reserve for a total supply of 150 million MOAC coins. The for-profit entity holds 31 million coins, and the MOAC foundation holds 63 million. 31 million is funding the ongoing Multi- Blockchain development. The value of each MOAC coin fluctuates daily, and can be found at CoinMarketcap.com. Learn more at https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/moac/ 6 million additional coins per year will be generated during mining, further increasing the supply in circulation. After 4 years, the production will halve © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 21
to 3 million, then will halve again the following 4 years. The total supply will be 210 million coins by 2058. GOVERNANCE MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. (MOAC) will eventually be managed by the MOAC Foundation, a cooperative not-for-profit organization, founded in Singapore. The MOAC Foundation is the entity responsible for efficient use of funds resulting from any token sales from the MOAC Reserve. Responsibility for all platform development (including development of applications and associated services), ongoing maintenance, and support (including public educational content for the community) is provided by the MOAC Foundation. The MOAC Foundation’s vision is to interconnect and grow blockchain markets through harmony, accessibility, and ease of use. MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. is a registered for-profit U.S. entity with executive offices in Palo Alto, California and extended development teams in Beijing, China. MOAC Platform Public Network Implementation and Deployment Pangu Release - April 1, 2018 Smart P2P Network © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 22
AVAILABILITY PRODUCT EVOLUTION AND ROADMAP © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 23
TEAM AND HISTORY MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. (MOAC) is comprised of cross-industry and multicultural blockchain leaders from finance, digital, software, and emerging tech markets, such as VR/AR. The team’s chairman, Sha Zhou, has been a critical part of transformative economic change in Beijing, China, authoring books on blockchain and big data, and is highly revered by China’s elite. His partner, blockchain influencer and designer of MotherChain™, CEO David Chen, is a 20+ year silicon valley veteran and also the ex-CTO and founder of Jingtum (physical asset tokenization technology platform). Xinle Yang, MOAC’s CTO, leads the ongoing development of the company’s highly disruptive blockchain platform. He was the scientist and engineer responsible for Nike’s e-commerce platforms which accounted for $11BB of the company’s yearly revenue. Together, the team has gained market wide acclaim, brought MOAC product lines into reality with international tech patents, and successfully raised 50MM ETH in ICO. CORPORATE PROFILE Year Founded: 2017 Industry: Blockchain, Smart Contract, Software, Emerging Markets, Employees: 25 FinTech, Technology Location: Various executive offices in Palo Alto, California with extended developer teams in Beijing, China © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 24
TEAM Sha Zhou David Xiaohu Chen President CEO & Co-Founder Sha Zhou is a writer, geek, venture capitalist, David Xiaohu Chen is a blockchain theorist and foreign affairs visionary. Sha advised and cross-domain software engineer- China’s Central Government on the Beijing architect with extensive experience. David Olympics, Taiwan trade, Global RMB, and has a deep passion emerging technology, China’s $100 billion dollar One Belt project. having built his career in Silicon Valley for Sha Zhou has authored books on blockchain decades as an executive technologist. As such, and big data (“The Game of Supernations”, he was the CTO and one of the original “Blockchain World”, and “Blockchain and Big founders of Jingtum, a leading blockchain Data”), and is highly revered by China’s elite platform and solution provider for physical for technology. asset tokenization. Xinle Yang Ryan Wang CTO & Co-Founder Chief Business Development Officer Xinle has spent the last 5 years in blockchain Ryan speaks worldwide on technology and development and firmly believes that investment topics. He currently oversees blockchain is still in its infancy, having the companies in the U.S. and greater China, potential - when mature - to change global looking for unique and connected insights economics. In his early career, Xinle was that could help launch technologies between responsible for Nike’s multibillion dollar both markets. Ryan is the Co-Founder and a online ordering system, and has had General Partner of Outpost Capital, a leading extensive scientist and engineering roles at cross-border early stage venture fund in San Walmart, Intel, and IMTT. Francisco and Beijing, focusing on VR/AR, blockchain, and other technologies. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 25
APPENDIX A: DISCLAIMER All of the technology in this paper is currently in early development, and is subject to future changes, improvements, and innovations. While MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. does take security seriously, platforms may still have bugs, which is why there is a bug bounty program. There is no warranty or assurance that the process for creating and processing cryptocurrency on the platform will be uninterrupted or error free, and there is an inherent risk that the software could contain defects, weaknesses, vulnerabilities, viruses, or bugs. Additionally, all cryptocurrency has risks associated with acquisition, storage, transfer, and use of tokens or coins, and the MOAC Platform is subject to the same risks. For more information on risks associated with using the MOAC Platform please read our terms of service on our website. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 26
APPENDIX B: LIST OF TERMS Bitcoin Bitcoin is a distributed ledger based cryptocurrency that uses a Proof of Work consensus system requiring miners to process the creation of new coins. Blockchain The underlying distributed database technology that powers decentralized ledger systems and cryptocurrencies. Consensus System A system, protocol, or algorithm used to reach a general agreement. In this context, referring to a blockchain based cryptocurrency agreeing to the verification of a transaction or Smart Contract. Cross-Chain The capability to move data from one blockchain to another using an atomic swap exchange. Cryptocurrency A digital currency based on a distributed ledger powered by blockchain technology. Decentralization A system that does not rely on a centralized authority for approving transactions. Decentralized Application (DApp) An application where its backend code is running on a decentralized peer-to- peer network with multiple nodes or hosts, vs. a traditional cloud app that runs on a centralized server. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 27
Distributed Computing or Network A model where components of a software system are shared among multiple computers to improve efficiency and performance. Ethereum Ethereum is a distributed computing platform for Smart Contracting that uses a Proof of Work consensus system requiring miners for processing data. MicroChain™ The upper transactional processing blockchain layer for the MOAC Platform that operates on a per Smart Contract basis. MOAC MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. and its team, that developed the MOAC Platform. MotherChain™ The bottom data processing and storage blockchain layer within the MOAC Platform. The MOAC Platform A blockchain system created by the company MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. (MOAC). It utilizes Multi-Blockchain architecture as its underlying technology to achieve high performance Smart Contract execution, increased transactions-per-second (TPS), and improved scalability. Multi-Blockchain The architecture used in The MOAC Platform with MotherChain™ as its bottom primary blockchain and upper sharded children MicroChains™. Node A redistribution point in a network, commonly used for connecting peers and/or verifying transactions. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 28
Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P) A network where each computer can act as a server for others, and allow shared access to files, data processing, and storage without the need for a centralized server. Proof of Stake A type of algorithm by which a cryptocurrency blockchain network aims to achieve distributed consensus. The creator of blocks is chosen via various combinations of selection such as wealth or age. Proof of Work A system, protocol, or algorithm that is an economic measure to deter denial of services attacks and other service abuses such as spam by requiring computational work from the service requester, commonly processing time by a computer. Sharding A feature to horizontally partition data and events across multiple blockchains and nodes. Smart Contact A computer protocol intended to digitally facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract. Smart contracts allow the transparent performance of credible transactions without third parties. Smart Contract As A MicroChain™ A Smart Contact as a MicroChain™ is a Smart Contract with its own unique blockchain, or “MicroChain™”, providing for Smart Contract isolation between other Smart Contracts and a more efficient overall systems. © MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All content is confidential and property of MOAC Blockchain Tech, Inc. 29